Permanent magnetic chucks use magnetic force from permanent magnets to clamp and secure work pieces in place, and began to gradually replace the traditional workholding machinery.  How do they work through magnetic force?

Let's look at the structure drawing below of the magnetic chuck.

There are 3 layers in a chuck, the top and base layers are both made of steel, and the layer in the middle is mixed by several pieces of magnets and non magnetic spacers.

The magnetic chuck is activated by manually turning the handle from on to off position.

When the chuck stay in off position, the internal magnets forms the magnetic circuit by themselves, the magnetic flux remains locked inside the chuck.

Once you rotate the handle to the on position, the magnets are aligned with the top plate, and the magnetic flux goes above the top plate. When a work piece is applied to the top, it is secured as the flux is locked on to this. 

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